油發(fā)電機組是用柴油機作為動力，驅動三相交流同步發(fā)電機進行發(fā)電的電源設備。在無法實現(xiàn)正常電力供電或突然斷電時，柴油發(fā)電機組能夠提供穩(wěn)定可靠的電力。在一些不允許突然斷電的特殊部門或重要場合，如醫(yī)院的銀行、通信中繼站、指揮所等，柴油發(fā)電機組更能發(fā)揮備份電力的作用。目前它被廣泛地應用于通信、采礦、鐵路、醫(yī)院、金融、科研、筑路、工農業(yè)生產(chǎn)、城市建設及生活等諸多領域中的野外供電、應急供電和備份供電等方面。
Oil generator set is a power supply equipment that uses diesel engine as power to drive three-phase AC synchronous generator for power generation. When normal power supply cannot be realized or sudden power failure occurs, the diesel generator set can provide stable and reliable power. In some special occasions, such as the emergency power failure of the bank and the power relay station, it is not allowed to play a more important role in the backup of the power generation unit in the hospital. At present, it is widely used in field power supply, emergency power supply and backup power supply in many fields such as communication, mining, railway, hospital, finance, scientific research, road construction, industrial and agricultural production, urban construction and life.
目前，國內使用柴油發(fā)電機組的功率范圍比較廣，小到0.5千瓦，大到幾千千瓦，據(jù)統(tǒng)計，國內使用較多的機組有10kW、20kW、40kW、50kW、75kW、120kW和200kW等。機組的型號多種多樣，常用的有柴油發(fā)電機組，國產(chǎn)135系列柴油發(fā)電機組。
At present, the power range of diesel generator sets used in China is relatively wide, ranging from 0.5KW to thousands of kW. According to statistics, the units used more in China include 10kW, 20kW, 40kW, 50KW, 75kW, 120kw and 200kW. There are many types of units, including diesel generator sets and domestic 135 series diesel generator sets.
目前各行業(yè)對柴油發(fā)電機組的要求大致相同:操作簡單，故障率低，能隨時起動、及時供電，運行可靠，油耗低，噪聲小，發(fā)電機的供電電壓和頻率應能滿足用電設備的要求。若機組不能達到以上技術要求，將影響用電設備的正常工作。例如柴油機在工作中出現(xiàn)轉速不穩(wěn)定的故障時，發(fā)電機發(fā)出的電壓和頻率就會時高時低。這會造成許多問題:通信部門使用的UPS會發(fā)出警報；照明燈會忽亮忽暗；郵電部門進行電傳電報時，會引起變字和傳真圖像出現(xiàn)嚴重失真；電壓、頻率不穩(wěn)嚴重時會燒壞用電設備。為滿足各行業(yè)對柴油發(fā)電機組的技術要求，操作人員和維修技術人員掌握柴油發(fā)電機組的構造、原理、性能和維修技術知識，熟練地操作使用、維護和修理柴油發(fā)電機組。
At present, the requirements of various industries for diesel generator sets are roughly the same: simple operation, low failure rate, starting at any time, timely power supply, reliable operation, low fuel consumption and low noise. The power supply voltage and frequency of the generator should meet the requirements of electrical equipment. If the unit fails to meet the above technical requirements, the normal operation of electrical equipment will be affected. For example, when the speed of the diesel engine is unstable during operation, the voltage and frequency sent by the generator will be high and low. This will cause many problems: the UPS used by the communication department will give an alarm; The lamp will flicker on and off; When the post and Telecommunications Department conducts telex and telegram, it will cause word change and serious distortion of fax image; When the voltage and frequency are unstable, the electrical equipment will be burned out. In order to meet the technical requirements of various industries for diesel generator sets, operators and maintenance technicians master the structure, principle, performance and maintenance technical knowledge of diesel generator sets, and skillfully operate, use, maintain and repair diesel generator sets.
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