1 瓦斯氣體的性質(zhì)

1. Properties of Gas

瓦斯氣體屬于一種非常規(guī)性的天然氣體，瓦斯氣體當(dāng)中主要的構(gòu)成成分為甲烷，這種氣體具有無色無味、易燃易爆等特性。在煤礦開采工作當(dāng)中，如果周圍環(huán)境空氣當(dāng)中的甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)超過10%以上，那么環(huán)境當(dāng)中遇到明火問題會(huì)直接造成瓦斯氣體爆炸事故。所以，在當(dāng)前煤礦開采工作當(dāng)中對(duì)瓦斯氣體的處理是其中一個(gè)關(guān)鍵工作內(nèi)容。由于瓦斯氣體也屬于一種清潔性能源，因此這種資源具有較高的使用價(jià)值。在煤礦開采過程當(dāng)中，使用瓦斯氣體來進(jìn)行發(fā)電，不但可以提高資源的使用效率，同時(shí)還對(duì)周圍的環(huán)境形成了良好的保護(hù)作用。

Gas belongs to a type of unconventional natural gas, and the main component of gas is methane. This gas has characteristics such as colorless, odorless, flammable, and explosive. In coal mining operations, if the volume fraction of methane in the surrounding air exceeds 10% or more, encountering open flames in the environment can directly cause gas explosion accidents. So, in the current coal mining work, the treatment of gas is one of the key tasks. Due to the fact that gas is also a clean energy source, this resource has high utility value. In the process of coal mining, using gas for power generation can not only improve the efficiency of resource utilization, but also form a good protective effect on the surrounding environment.

2 瓦斯發(fā)電的技術(shù)的應(yīng)用

Application of Gas Power Generation Technology

2.1 內(nèi)燃機(jī)瓦斯發(fā)電

2.1 Internal combustion engine gas power generation

當(dāng)前在我國煤礦產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展過程當(dāng)中，其中對(duì)瓦斯的開采和處理常用的方式為瓦斯地面輸送系統(tǒng)和井下瓦斯抽放系統(tǒng)。煤礦開采工作當(dāng)中，瓦斯氣體屬于整個(gè)工作流程當(dāng)中所生成的附屬氣體，瓦斯氣體的體積分?jǐn)?shù)變化范圍在3～%80%之間；同時(shí)，隨著瓦斯氣體在環(huán)境當(dāng)中的流量不斷變化，在煤礦開采工作當(dāng)中通常情況下會(huì)使用負(fù)壓風(fēng)機(jī)，直接將瓦斯氣體從煤礦開采環(huán)境當(dāng)中輸送到地面以上，如果煤礦開采過程當(dāng)中的瓦斯氣體的體積分?jǐn)?shù)達(dá)到了危險(xiǎn)警戒狀態(tài)，也就是瓦斯氣體的爆炸體積分?jǐn)?shù)范圍超過了5%，那么在遇到一些火花或者是明火的條件下，很有可能造成嚴(yán)重的瓦斯爆炸。這一問題直接影響到了煤礦開采工作人員的生命安全，為了充分保證煤礦開采過程當(dāng)中的安全性，煤礦開采單位必須要充分做好瓦斯氣體的處理工作，依照煤礦巷道當(dāng)中瓦斯氣體的體積分?jǐn)?shù)大小，選擇對(duì)應(yīng)的方式來進(jìn)行處理，這樣不但可以提高能源的利用率，同時(shí)還降低對(duì)周圍環(huán)境所形成的不良影響。通過實(shí)際的分析和研究可以看出，在一些煤礦開采過程當(dāng)中內(nèi)部所產(chǎn)生的高瓦斯氣體，通過點(diǎn)燃排空，或者是無償直接供應(yīng)到當(dāng)?shù)鼐用窦抑羞M(jìn)行運(yùn)用，整體的資源利用效果比較明顯。如果瓦斯氣體的體積分?jǐn)?shù)低于40%，那么煤礦單位會(huì)直接將其排放到周圍環(huán)境當(dāng)中，進(jìn)而對(duì)瓦斯氣體的使用率產(chǎn)生不良的影響，事實(shí)上瓦斯氣體具有較高的發(fā)電應(yīng)用價(jià)值，通過瓦斯發(fā)電的方式可以達(dá)到一種比較理想的資源大化應(yīng)用同時(shí)提高了節(jié)能減排效果。

In the current development process of China's coal mining industry, the commonly used methods for gas extraction and treatment are gas surface transportation systems and underground gas drainage systems. In coal mining, gas belongs to the subsidiary gas generated throughout the entire workflow, and the volume fraction of gas varies between 3% and 80%; At the same time, as the flow rate of gas in the environment constantly changes, negative pressure fans are usually used in coal mining work to directly transport gas from the coal mining environment to above the ground. If the volume integral of gas in the coal mining process reaches a dangerous warning state, that is, the explosive volume fraction range of gas exceeds 5%, So when encountering some sparks or open flames, it is very likely to cause serious gas explosions. This issue directly affects the safety of coal mining workers. In order to fully ensure the safety of the coal mining process, coal mining units must do a good job in gas treatment. According to the volume fraction of gas in coal mine tunnels, corresponding methods should be selected for treatment. This can not only improve energy utilization, but also reduce the adverse effects on the surrounding environment. Through practical analysis and research, it can be seen that in some coal mining processes, the high gas generated internally can be ignited and discharged, or directly supplied to local residents for use without compensation. The overall resource utilization effect is relatively obvious. If the volume fraction of gas is less than 40%, coal mining units will directly discharge it into the surrounding environment, which will have a negative impact on the utilization rate of gas. In fact, gas has a high value for power generation applications. Gas power generation can achieve a relatively ideal resource maximization application and improve energy conservation and emission reduction effects.

2.2 乏風(fēng)瓦斯發(fā)電技術(shù)應(yīng)用

2.2 Application of depleted wind and gas power generation technology

在煤礦開采工作當(dāng)中為了大限度上，保證煤礦開采工作人員的人身安全，必須要保證整個(gè)煤礦開采環(huán)境空氣質(zhì)量。因此在煤礦開采工作當(dāng)中需要向井下輸送大量的新鮮空氣。在此過程當(dāng)中，煤礦巷道當(dāng)中的通風(fēng)系統(tǒng)排出的廢氣稱之為“乏風(fēng)”。廢氣當(dāng)中會(huì)含有一定量到瓦斯氣體，通常情況下瓦斯的含量相對(duì)較低，但是如果沒有對(duì)瓦斯氣體進(jìn)行合理的運(yùn)用和處理，那么不但會(huì)造成周圍環(huán)境的污染，同時(shí)還對(duì)資源形成了一定的浪費(fèi)。通過乏風(fēng)瓦斯發(fā)電技術(shù)的應(yīng)用，可以將排出的廢氣當(dāng)中瓦斯的體積分?jǐn)?shù)上升到0.2%以上，然后直接將排出的廢棄運(yùn)輸?shù)窖趸瘹猱?dāng)中，通過這種方式可以形成無焰燃燒的效果。在此過程當(dāng)中不但可以有效達(dá)到瓦斯氣體的高效化運(yùn)用，同時(shí)還可以運(yùn)用瓦斯氣體在燃燒過程當(dāng)中產(chǎn)生的熱量來制取蒸汽以及熱水等，大量的蒸汽可以直接推動(dòng)汽輪機(jī)的運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)達(dá)到發(fā)電的目標(biāo)，而產(chǎn)生的熱水可以用在供熱工作當(dāng)中。

In the process of coal mining, in order to ensure the safety of coal mining workers to a maximum extent, it is necessary to ensure the air quality of the entire coal mining environment. Therefore, in coal mining operations, a large amount of fresh air needs to be transported underground. During this process, the exhaust gas discharged from the ventilation system in the coal mine roadway is called "exhaust air". The exhaust gas will contain a certain amount of gas, which is usually relatively low in content. However, if gas is not used and treated properly, it will not only cause pollution to the surrounding environment but also waste resources. Through the application of exhaust gas power generation technology, the volume fraction of gas in the discharged exhaust gas can be increased to over 0.2%, and then the discharged waste can be directly transported to the oxidation gas, forming a flameless combustion effect through this method. In this process, not only can the efficient use of gas be effectively achieved, but the heat generated by gas during combustion can also be used to produce steam and hot water. A large amount of steam can directly drive the operation of the turbine to achieve the goal of power generation, and the generated hot water can be used for heating work.

2.3 燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)瓦斯發(fā)電

2.3 Gas turbine gas power generation

燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)瓦斯發(fā)電技術(shù)在使用的過程當(dāng)中，主要是在煤層上直接進(jìn)行鉆孔，然后對(duì)煤層當(dāng)中所含有的瓦斯氣體進(jìn)行儲(chǔ)存和運(yùn)用，其中在瓦斯氣體當(dāng)中所含有的甲烷體積分?jǐn)?shù)基本上都會(huì)超過90%以上，但是因?yàn)榧淄闅怏w在整個(gè)危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)上相對(duì)較低，因此可以通過使用加壓灌樁的方式來對(duì)瓦斯進(jìn)行運(yùn)輸，同時(shí)也可以使用管道來進(jìn)行甲烷的長距離輸送，所以在這種類型的瓦斯氣體。在一些化工生產(chǎn)以及民用燃料當(dāng)中得到了廣泛的使用。其中高濃度的瓦斯氣體也可以用于燃?xì)廨啓C(jī)發(fā)電工作當(dāng)中，盡管這種發(fā)電方式可以達(dá)到一種比較理想化的發(fā)點(diǎn)效果，但是在實(shí)際的發(fā)電過程當(dāng)中，因?yàn)橐恍└邼舛鹊耐咚箽怏w在我國氣體能源當(dāng)中的應(yīng)用以及供應(yīng)商都比較緊張，因此這種發(fā)電技術(shù)還需要進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的深化和研究。

In the process of using gas turbine gas power generation technology, the main method is to directly drill holes in the coal seam, and then store and use the gas contained in the coal seam. The volume fraction of methane in the gas generally exceeds 90%. However, because methane gas has a relatively low risk factor, it can be transported by using pressurized pile filling, At the same time, pipelines can also be used for long-distance transportation of methane, so in this type of gas. It has been widely used in some chemical production and civilian fuels. High concentration gas can also be used in gas turbine power generation. Although this power generation method can achieve a relatively ideal power generation effect, in the actual power generation process, due to the limited application and suppliers of high concentration gas in gas energy in China, further deepening and research are needed for this power generation technology.